Learn Binary for Computer Science
Understand how computers store text as binary β see exactly how letters map to 8-bit ASCII bytes.
Education tips
Type any letter and see its 8-bit binary representation. "A" = 01000001 (65 in decimal). Capital letters differ from lowercase by one bit (bit 5).
"A" = 01000001, "a" = 01100001. The only difference is bit 5 (0-indexed from right). This is why toggling case can be done with a single bitwise OR/AND.
The stats panel shows total bytes and bits. "Hello" = 5 characters = 5 bytes = 40 bits β one byte (8 bits) per ASCII character.
Non-ASCII characters (emoji, accented letters) use 2β4 bytes each in UTF-8. Try typing "π" and see how many bytes it uses.
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